The tangent function returns the tangent of a number. The tangent function is a function of an angle. Specifically, the tangent of an acute angle in a right triangle, is defined as: the ratio of the length of the side opposite to that angle, to the length of the side adjacent to that angle. More simply:
$$\tan(\theta)=\frac{Opposite}{Adjacent}$$
It also holds true that:
$$\tan(\theta)=\frac{\sin(\theta)}{\cos(\theta)}$$

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